Marketing Strategies Used In Film Industry Bollywood Media Essay

Marketing Strategies Used In Film Industry Bollywood Media Essay Patiala House releases in Patiala, ironically the film has nothing to do with the princely state, Katrina Kaif in Lucknow studio of radio mirchi for Rajneetis Promotion, Silence is the promotion strategy for My Name is Khan a much talked film This paper investigates widespread marketing strategies used in Film industry popularly called the Bollywood both nationally and internationally. Film marketing is rapidly developing into a promising industry although the idea is its incipient stage in India. We have seen over the years that success of film now not only through its contents but varied integration of marketing strategies to promote the film. Today everyone in the film bazaar wants success but it is acquired by only those who have come out with some out of box strategy for their film. Films are much hyped before their release in the market so that they have great openings but some are bombed in few weeks and some are not even noticed due to lack of content. Films now are more than just an entertainment, but are a business. Marketing of a movie is not a new initiative it has its existence since films were introduced in India, but it is followed more rigorously in todays state of film affairs. The inception of this paper starts with introduction of the film industry followed with the strategies used to market the movies in the industry. This is also an interest area of the author, as being a movie buff. The other segment research will highlight the growth of this budding industry. The content of this paper also comprises with current inclination and variation that are common in the film industry. The methodology used in this paper has a literature review which will be the basis of the report. Due to non-availability of required data relating to the expenses on conventional and non-conventional media, the author has chose a case study approach. To indentify the consumption pattern of the consumer a research is conducted both with qualitative and quantitative analysis. The dissertation is ended with the inclusion of integrated marketing framework for Bollywood and the new means that for existing medium, those are being or could be deployed in the area of film marketing. Methodology: Before getting into details of film marketing the author highlights the area of conventional and non-conventional media and tactics to manipulate the viewers decision. Conventional media majorly includes Trailers and Commercials on Television, Posters, Radio promotion and Printed Ads etc. whereas, unconventional media comprises of SMS/MMS, Internet Broadband, BTL activities and events and social networking etc. In terms of number of movies produced India has the biggest movie industry. Around 800 movies are made and released of which 90% are bombed beyond the week at the box-office. (Indiaonestop, 2010) We can every day, every few hours, somebody, somewhere is launching a feature film in this country. (Bose, 2006) So its important for a film marketer to know which method or media would be appropriate for that particular film. While delineating conventional tactics for marketing films to the unconventional ones a clear example would be advertisement in theatre which is a conventional way but using technology or innovative techniques to market it qualifies to be an unconventional way of marketing. Taking in to consideration the number of flops annually the Bollywood gives, it is mandatory to understand the spending done on these mediums for promotion as it would give an insight to a new method which will be helpful for our dissertation. Film makers generally dont take into consideration what audiences want a few can be named as Ram Gopal Verma, Mani Ratnam etc. whose films like RGV ki Aag, Rakta Charitra and Raavan flopped in spite of having strong star cast. So in order to gauge consumer consumption pattern in terms of movie content, effects of promotional activities, change in the decision to watch a movie etc. (Chand, 2011) These factors will help in defining the timing of the movie to launched, content of the movie, Star cast, Publicity, unfriendly press and partner brands. Producers often forget the importance of the above factors in a hurry to give a clone of previous hits. All the film makers try to play safe, recover costs and try to move on and thus leave the impression to the general public that our film makers have run out of ideas. (Bose, 2006) Film makers these days are like businessman, they spread their losses by investing in several films simultaneously in the anticipation that at if one will work he can take care of the losses with it. A film-maker who has the resources and the ability to work and gamble on multiple projects is never let down by the law of probability. Mode of Study/Tools Used: A two pronged approach adopted in this report will help to understand all of the above and find a satisfactory answer for it. A secondary research will be conducted on the available data. A whole research framework will be gathered related to film marketing. This would not meet ones expectation entirely so we need a primary survey including both quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative research would be done with the help of questionnaires targeting the urban crowds from the metros excluding the southern cities of India. Overseas city like Leicester and Wembley which has a number of Indian communities is also taken under the survey which will give a more holistic research. Approximately a sample of 50 respondents were targeted, though the number is too short for large topic like this; hence a figure ranging to 20,000 at a confidence level of 95% and percentage of 50% the confidence interval comes out to be approximately +/-3.5% which should be acceptable. Internet has been used as a medium to collect data from the respondents along with collecting data personally from the above mentioned localities in Wembley and Leicester. This medium saved cost and time. However response for the survey was not mandatory and it was completely at respondents discretion. The idea behind the selection of the metros for primary research is due to the beginning of the multiplex culture in these cities. Usual movie goers were targeted that includes families, teens, couples etc. The data obtained from this survey will be evaluated using factor analysis. This data will help us to understand the trend, interest of the consumers towards the unconventional media used to promote the films. As part of the research a case study of movie will be taken which was well marketed but bombed at the box office. This will give an actual scenario of the topic. Anticipated Output from the Research: Few questions would come up along with this dissertation: Whom should the producer communicate to? What appeals to whom? Which media reaches the most? What do the consumers want? Limitations of the Survey: This sample does not represent the entire India due to the limitation of the survey conducted in the taken geography. The area was chosen mostly as the region bestows majorly to the Hindi speaking population of the country. Another limitation is number of the respondents would be contacted through emails or social networking sites which leads to a possibility of fake response, half response or also data duplication. Review of Literature Overview: Hollywood has been dominant over the years in the international film industry but slowly Mumbai and Shanghai are emerging beyond providing the local language films and television into domestic and international markets. Los Angeles remains the largest cluster in the world with Mumbai following second in the lead. (PWC, 2010) Mumbai and Shanghais cluster increases between 2010 and 2040 while that of Los Angeles cluster decreases in size. This is because of shift of consumers towards alternative media options like video games and internet. (PWC, 2010) Indian and Chinese governments have realized the potential of the industry and so they are encouraging these industries to grow. However it is difficult to imagine a mainstream film audience opting for Chinese movies instead of Hollywood movies. In future this may change. In recent years Hollywood and Bollywood have realized the importance of regional cinema and so there is an increasing trend of dubbing popular movies of both the industry. E.g. Gurinder Chadhas latest film Its a Wonderful Afterlife was dubbed in Hindi and Punjabi. (PWC, 2010) As stated earlier the subject of this dissertation is to understand the Indian Film Industrys marketing strategies and its competitors. The aim of the literature review is to understand the method used for film marketing using conventional and nonconventional medium. Indian film marketing is in its incipient stage there is dearth of literature work. There are few reports and articles here and there which shed light on this subject. The literature review on the subject I found relevant to my research is as follows: Unraveling the potential: The Indian Entertainment and Media Industry, FICCI Frames, March 2006, by Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC) The report is published by FICCI and it looks as Entertainment and Media Industry as a whole but not only the film industry. However the overall percepts provided gives some important information for my research. Table 1: IRS 2005, Round 2 as quoted in Jagran Prakashan Prospectus filed with SEBI dated Feb 3, 2006 Urban India Films Reach in % age Reach in millions A1 30.6 2.43 A2 25.1 3.85 B1, B2 19.1 7.53 C 18.1 8.59 D 17.1 9.52 E1, E2 15.7 10.59 Source: Televisionpoint, Research, Media Industry, 2005 The above table shows how much penetration films have in the socio economic classes. It helps to target market segmentation and marketing campaigns according to the socio-economic classes and the reach of the medium. However the report shows the share of the film industry in the Indian economy which is not changing from 2005- 2010 as the share of film industry was 19 % in 2005 but has not increased in 2010. (FICCI, 2006) The report points out that film industry is among few growth drivers for the EM industry. Quoting directly from the report: Indians love to watch movies. And advancements in technology are helping the Indian film industry in all the spheres film production, film exhibition and marketing. The industry is increasingly getting more corporatized. Several film production, distribution and exhibition companies are coming out with public issues. More theatres across the country are getting upgraded to multiplexes and initiatives to set up more digital cinema halls in the country are already underway. This will not only improve the quality of prints and thereby make film viewing a more pleasurable experience, but also reduce piracy of prints. (FICCI, 2006) Faults Found Indian Film Industry is full of uncertainty and is unorganized. The outcome is bollywood has only 1% of share in the world film industry while at the same time US has 60% of the world revenue. (PWC FICCI, 2007) Table 2 Filmed entertainment revenues by country/region, US$ million, 2009 Country/region Revenue in US$ million Percentage of total USA 34,431 40.4 Japan 11,061 13.0 UK 5,599 6.6 Other Western Europe 5,151 6.1 France 3,763 4.4 Germany 3,646 4.3 Canada 3,330 3.9 Other Asia Pacific 2,681 3.1 Australia 2,562 3.0 Latin America 2,431 2.9 Italy 2,087 2.5 Central and Eastern Europe 1,982 2.3 India 1,899 2.2 Spain 1,688 2.0 South Korea 1,275 1.5 China 1,206 1.4 Middle East and Africa 345 0.4 Total 85,137 100.0 Source: PricewaterhouseCoopers, Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2010-2014, June 2010 The above report shows the world film market is still dominated by the developed economies. (UK Film Council, 2010) In spite of Indian Film Industry having larger admissions ratio and population it still lags behind to Australia and Italy in terms of world market share. Films are today more than Art, its business. This showbiz business is the biggest money earner in the country. In last couple of years film industry has changed itself into fully professional business industry with innovative methods to promote a film. Time has changed and so are the promotional and marketing activities of a film. Awareness of film and its Star Cast is important in the competitive industry. (Merinews, 2010) Almost two to three movies releasing every Friday, to succeed the producer or directors have to something different to attract the audiences. Its all about creating brand identity. For e.g. during the release of 3 Idiots Amir Khan toured seven cities across India to connect to people and create an attention towards the movie. This proved to be very successful strategy and the movie broke all box office records. Today the actors have also understood the importance of marketing of a film. The author has found few gaps in the Indian Film Industry. Digital Movies Development in the digital technology will lead the industry in future. Digital movie assures to raise box office collections by increasing picture resolution, quality of the print and lower distribution costs. There are mixed reaction on the issue of piracy. Initiatives by producers like Bharat Shah and Manmohan Shetty have started initiative to increase digital cinemas. (Bose, 2006) Audiences distinguishing the promotions to be fake All promotion techniques like Coffee with the stars, Invitation to the premiere etc does not attract the audiences as they dont trust the promotional event. They simply think that at given sample of 10000 only 2-3 fans get a chance to meet the stars or invitation. Audiences do notice such events but percentage of participation is very low. Thus by using conventional medium to connect to people a major chunk of the pie rests untouched by the film makers. (Chand, 2011) BTL activities and its effects on films Below the line activities do engage the audiences with the campaign but at the end they fail to attract the audiences at the ticket booths and do not increase the ticket sales. A good here is of the film Aagey Se Right The campaign Win a Gun was woven with the story line of the film where the actor loses his gun in the film. It was launched online where the users could take home a gun by answering a simple question and the help the cop Waghmare, find his lost gun as well. The actor also visited seven cities of India and checked visitors purses and bags as a part of campaign. In spite of the innovativeness and spending on the campaign the film did not earn money to the producers. (Nautiyal, 2009) Competition from International Movies The international market is expected to grow at the pace of 18% annually with estimation at Rs. 7 billion but bollywood shares only 10% of its box office revenues in the international market. (PWC FICCI, 2007) There is a significant gap in the urban and rural demand due to growing middle class. The urban audiences demand Masala + Movies which cannot be met due to shortage of talent. Hence this demand gap is filled by international movies. Hollywood is gaining a reasonable market share with the help of better marketing techniques. Their target audiences are young Indians which amount 50% of the population. (Kukenshoner et al 2008) Surmises The above holes found in the working of Indian film industry surmises to the statement that: Traditional marketing strategies are vieux jeu, and more and more innovative techniques are used to attract the audiences for the Friday. Bollywood and the World Film Industry:Â   With the rise of new mediums and change in economic scenario of India more attention is diverted towards bollywood at the same time other film cultures attempting to Bucolize Hollywood. (Desai Dudrah, 2008) Bollywood prides itself with being one of the largest film industries in the world in terms of producing the films. Some around 1090 films compared to 607 in the year 2006. (Jones et al, 2008) The current dominance of Hollywood is largely due to advancements in marketing techniques, innovative, good content and an effective distribution channel. In terms of commercial success Hollywood dominated the world market but other countries were still making culturally important movies. (Jones et al, 2008) France and UK were major competitors of Hollywood. Modern Motion Picture was invented in France. It loses its leading position against Hollywood with the invention of sound in the film. The demand decreased due to the less French speaking people over the globe. Since the creation of television and film, Britain has been thriving due the film as it is a key part and driver of the mix of creative industries. (House of Commons, 2003) The industry experienced a constant brain drain to the Hollywood. (Jones et al, 2008) Chinese film industry although compared to India is small but is very organized. One area bollywood has to work on if want to be successful in the world market is the length of the film. Even the best film has 20-30 minutes more length. If bollywood wants to succeed in the global market the industry will have to invest lot in marketing and distribution of the film. (Pillania, 2008) Nollywood a dark horse of Africa is the new word in the world market at least in India. The world was minted by their inspiring counterparts namely Hollywood and Bollywood. It is one of the fastest and largest growing industries with over 872 films in 2006 (UNESCO, 2006) The African market is dominated by Nollywood. Compared to Hollywood, Bollywood and other film industries the film making style is cost effective as it uses digital cameras instead of film and movies are made in mere a weeks time with the less than 15000 USD. Movies are released directly through DVDs or CDs rather than in Theatres. It does affect the quality of the film; making it difficult to export overseas. Few western directed documentaries have spread some knowledge of Nollywood in the West. A part of the industry is working to improve the current scenario. (Mazzocco, 2011) Tollywood is the combination of wood from Hollywood and Tolly from Telugu language also known as cinema of Andhra Pradesh. In 2008 278 movies were released. Hyderabad is the center of all the work done and studios of Tollywood. (Vikram, 2010) The South Indian film industries produce half of the total number of movies of India. Breakdown of films in different languages of India is shown below: Languages No. of Films Hindi 222 Tamil 151 Telugu 155 Kannada 109 Malayalam 64 Marathi 25 Bengali 49 Assamese 17 English 23 Others 877 (Source: Central Board of Film Certification, 2003) Bollywood has over the years created an synthetic culture that appeals to a specific audience in India while regional cinemas are still rooted to their culture and language. Few regional films have been so popular that they had bypassed Bollywood films at the box office by selling more tickets in their respective states. E.g. A Tamil Super Star Rajikanths Film named Shivaji broke all records of Tamil film industry and at the same time breaking Indias Box office records. Even though the film was played on only 12 screens it was the first non-Bollywood Indian film to make it to UK Top Ten. Bollywood is mistaken as Indian Cinema by many non-Indian commentators and also by some Indians but the fact is something different. The challenge to bollywood is not only from overseas but also from the regional movies. (Stafford, 2008) The Integrated Marketing Framework Understanding Film Marketing Publicity: The strategic importance of publicity of any film is undoubted. It is oxygen for everybody who is connected in the film industry. It keeps you in the attention and guarantees the longevity of your career. An important role is played by both media and non-media public relations. Although here Bollywood lacks good publicist like they have in Hollywood. Publicist have failed to keep with pace of growth by the industry in past years. Publicist are increasingly becoming a necessity as the number of publication seeking coverage are increasing along with the technology which is expand bollywood beyond the borders. (Parimal et al 2009) Public always has an craving for gossips about domestic crisis, romantic linkages with a star or a sensational filmi story. So it always makes a sense for a film-maker to give media some masala news about the plot of the film, release of the music, clarification on controversies, celebration parties or location of the shoots. Film awards also boost chances of the actor/actress to get new films. For e.g. Producer Bimal Roys movie named Bandini was released in 1966. The film was running according to the course and was about to be take off the theatres, when suddenly the movie was nominated for Film fare awards and Presidents Silver Medal. It a new lease of life to the movie and the movie was a hit miraculously. (Bose, 2006) If a movie successfully touches the public emotion it is bound to be a hit. This happened with movies like Gadar and Laagan. These films touched the patriotic sentiment of the common man so got mouth to mouth publicity and enjoyed greater success after the first week of release. It is said that people from villages with trucks full went to the cities to watch these movies. Especially, Gadar. Quality of movie along with good music played an important role in success of these movies. (Pandey, 2010) Partner Brands: Over the years bollywood have successfully partnered with brands like Tag Huer, Rolex, McDonalds, Maybelline, Exide battery, Coca Cola, Pepsi, Hutch, Bournvita, Zandu, Ultratech cement, Nikon and so on. For e.g. In the movie Taare Zameen Par, In the drawing competition the participants were shown using colors of Fevicryl. The same color prints were gifted by the elder brother of the main character Darsheel Safari. (S Roy et al, 2009) Few e.g. of the brands partnering with the films are as under: Film Name Brand Name Om Shanti Om Mukta Arts-Production House, HMV, Exide Battery, Filmfare Awards, Tag Heur Watch, Maybelline Chak de India EXIM Bank, Australian Trade and Commerce, Aaj Tak, McDonalds, Britannia Marie, ESPN, Puma Partner Coco Cola, Marie Claire, Zoom (Media Partner), Pepsi, Pizza Hut, Toyota, ESPN, Boost, Hutch, Sony Vaio, Phuket (Tourism), Starbucks, Mercedes, Kawasaki (Water Boat), Nokia 6600, BPL, DFL, Bournvita, Sony Erickson Mobile, Go air, Nikon, Calvin Klein Namaste London Spykar Jeans, Western Union Money Transfer, Streax, MTV, Kingfisher, Bharatmatrimony.com, Indiatimes.com, HP (laptop), Bailey (Packaged Water), Ford (Tractor), Sony Camcorder Source: (Product Placement in Bollywood Movies, pp 56) Content of the movie: Most modern films that are high in style and locations but low in content fail to click at the box office. The movie-goer however motivated is no fool and can see through the content of the movie within the first 15 minutes of the movie. Honesty is the best policy. Honesty to the medium and honesty to the audiences does pay off. Audiences always prefer innovativeness in the content. Five Film on the freedom fighter Bhagat Singh was made in 2001 simultaneously, but only the one with protagonist Ajay Devgan in the lead role was a hit at box office mainly because of its narrative style. There are many such instances in bollywood where narrative styles of the movie have won producers accolades. (Bose, 2006) Star Cast: Making a film is all about team work. It consists of actors, crew members, technicians and artistes who contribute their skills and reputation to create a brand value for the film. These people used to be employees of the production houses hired on monthly fixed salary in late 50s. Time passed and so changed the working of bollywood film industry. With the wipeout of the studio system freelancing became the norm of the industry where stars soon began to call the shots. Their association with the production team and banner determined their success and reputation in the industry. Today the focus shifting towards the stars, camps have come up where Shah Rukh Khan belongs to the Karan Johar Camp. Actresses like Urmila and Antara Mali belongs to Ram Gopal Verma camp etc. They may be lucky talismans or loyalists to their respective camps but together they constitute a winning team that every distributor would like to bet on. The star system of bollywood signifies their value by their impac t on the industry. Lorenzen and Taube (2008) stress that inclusion of stars in the movie play a major role in the success of the typical film of the bollywood at the same time acknowledging that mere inclusion does not guarantee the success of the film at box office. The second largest movie industry of India is Tollywood which also has the same star system. At international level Nollywood the movie industy of Nigeria also has the same star system where the power is hold by the marketers and distributors. In contrast to most European film industries, Nigerian film industry is run on very industrial terms. (Kerrigan, 2010) Timing of the movie to be launched: As such there is no rule that films have to be released on Friday but the general reason behind is Friday is the last day working day giving the audiences to spend rest two days in recreational activities. Watching a movie is one of them. Another reason for timing a movie release is people dont come to theatres if there are exams or festivals or world cup event. Given an example is the current release of the movie Yeh Faasle. The current hysteria of World Cup and Board examinations the film is not having audiences in spite of strong star cast. (Pattni, 2011) Planning Campaign of Film Marketing: Film marketing is nothing but how the filmmakers and marketers position their film in the mind of the audiences in order to increase the consumption of their film. (Kerrigan, 2010) A marketing process must address few factors like PEST, cultural and competition to fit in the market place. The timing of this process is very important; filmmakers have realized its importance. Film marketing is done at three stages namely corporate branding, promotions events and traders and distributors.(Chand, 2011) Planning for a Movie: Film marketing starts at the moment the idea of particular film making is conceived. The target audience is also decided for whom the movie is made for. So effective planning is needed to contain all the section you need to address. More than 50% of all movie theatre tickets are bought by 9% of the population. The films first two weeks does the business of around 78% in the given market place. (Smith, 2011) The two key factors of your film planning are Positioning and Target Market: Positioning: Positioning is how a product appears in relation to other products in the market (Tutor2u, 2011) The whole marketing and communication strategy of the film is depended on the positioning of the film. The film positions itself in the mind of the audience through positioning. A target audience is to be pin-pointed by the marketers to appeal them through positioning elements (Kalra, 2002) For e.g. In Dharmendras Barsaat the film was intended to be the refreshing love story with two new star faces. But no key elements were expressed convincingly in the film. Two star faces were created in the industry but the film didnt do well in the box office. (Chand, 2011) Targeting: Every movie differs from other and so is the genre of the movie. The film cant be a hit unless the film maker knows it target audience. It is important for the film maker to know what the target audience want, what they have rejected in past and their habits. Target audience is defined by age, class, gender etc while elements like movie goers, race, socio-economic status, urban and rural audience are additional. Targeting can be done on the basis of: Age Gender Education Religion Ethnicity Nationality Geography Medium of Marketing: Be interesting, or be invisible. Andy Sernovitz There are so many options for marketing that marketers are confused over it. There are many boulevards for marketing in India. Many marketing tools are used for single film in the industry. Lets look at the most used platforms to attract audiences at the theatres. In the past the marketing campaigns were usually done by billboards designed to fit in magazines, newspapers ads, integrated into television ads and the same in theater trailers. Over the years the style of bollywood has changed so is its campaigning style the conventional marketing through billboards, print ads, TV ads and trailers have changed their approach. In todays scenario film campaigning is more targeted at various online demographics that suits the audiences demands and is more specific. (Miller, 2011) Gupta and Gould (1997) stated product placement as incorporating brands in films in return of money. Regional movies are also at par with Bollywood in product placements. E.g. A Telugu movie named Jalsa had a Coca-C ola brand incorporated in it. (Roy Bhattacharya, 2009) Print Advertisements: In contemporary India advertisements play many roles. Print advertisement are the most used and old techniques to reach the audiences. Full page ads and half page ads in a newspaper like Times of India, Dainik Bhaskar etc were regular norms till date. These ads are now shifting towards internet which has photographs usually taken during the shoots. To make the ad more effective and increase its credibility quotes from critics are added to the advertisements. (Chand, 2011) The Indian print industry is expected to grow at 7.4% over the period of 2009-14 and an estimated of Rs. 230.5 billion in 2014 from the current estimate of Rs. 161.5 billion in 2009. (PWC, 2010) Television Appearances: It was started just as an experiment by Yash Raj but this idea seems to be accepted by all in the industry to promote their respective films. Currently this medium is taken by film makers very seriously. Before it was reality shows on TV and now it is serials. Bollywood has found their new mantra to publicize their upcoming movies. Both big and small TV stars benefit from this new arrangement as this is the be

Microcredit Repayment in Malaysia Essay

To investigate whether gender of borrower influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 1 Ho: Gender of borrower does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Gender of borrower does influence microcredit repayment. 2. To investigate whether types of business activities influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 2 Ho: Types of business activities does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Types of business activities does influence microcredit repayment. 3. To investigate whether amount of loan influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 3 Ho: Amount of loan does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Amount of loan does influence microcredit repayment. 4. To investigate whether repayment period influence microcredit repayment. Hypothesis 4 Ho: Repayment period does not influenced microcredit repayment. H1: Repayment period does influenced microcredit repayment. This chapter is discussing about the research design, data collection method, research instrument, questionnaire design and sampling frame to meet the objectives of the study. In this study, descriptive research will be conduct to obtain the information needed. It will involve acquiring primary data, preparing questionnaires and sampling method as well as deciding on how the variables will be measure and being analyse. This study will be conducted among the teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Port Klang, Selangor. 3. 0Data Collection Method There are two ways in gathering data for the study. First is the primary data which is specially collected by the researcher and second is the secondary data or any information gathered from resources collected and published by others. . 0. 1Primary Data Primary data refer to information obtained first-hand by the researcher on the variables of interest for the specific purpose of the study (Sekaran, 2010). Obtaining primary data can be expensive and time consuming as it requires researchers to observe and conduct an experiment on something to gather information about specific problems. It will take time in collecting data. (a)Questionnaire A set of questionnaire has been designed to obtain a quantitative primary data for this research. The purpose is to gauge the relevant information to achieve the research objectives besides to determining and evaluate the level of microcredit repayment among employees. The primary data will be collected from questionnaire that will distribute to the teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Port Klang,Selangor. (b)Journal Researcher will also use journal as the primary data for data collection method in order to elicit the information regarding for the research. 3. 0. 2Secondary Data Secondary data that will be collected can be use and these data can be located quickly and cheaper in terms of cost. Secondary data could be collected through internal and external sources. Internal data are those generated within the organization while external sources of data in other hands are generated by sources outside the organization. For the purpose of this study, the researcher will obtain the external sources from books, library references, articles, website and others. These are some of useful information that will serves as the groundwork for theoretical framework and literature review. . Research Instrument Regarding Malhotra (2004), defined that questionnaire is a structured techniques for data collection consisting of a series of questions, written or verbal that respondent answers. In addition, it is called a schedule, written form, measuring instrument, or formalized set of questionnaires for obtaining information from respondents. The standardized questionnaire will ensure comparability of the data, increase speed and accuracy of recording, and facilitating data processing. It needs to capture primary data is questionnaire. Questionnaire is a formalized instrument for asking information, directly from the respondent. It is designed to facilitate data gathering, which is directly related to the study. Questionnaires will be distributed directly to the respondents for them to answer. The questionnaires for this research consist of two sections. The first section will consist of questions related to profile of the respondents and the second section will consist of question regarding of loans. The format used for the questionnaire will be structured in rating scale which is liker scale and multiple choices. The liker scale is (1) = strong disagree, (2) = disagree, (3) = average, (4) = agree and (5) = strongly agree are used. The questionnaires will be distributed randomly to the teachers at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Jalan Pandamaran, Port Klang, Selangor. 5. 0Questionnaire Design In this research, in order to get information from respondents, the researcher will choose the structured questions. 5. 0. 1Structured Questions Structured question specify the set of response alternative and the response format that could be multiple choices and scale. The structured question was the most frequently used in the marketing research. i)Multiple Choices The researcher provides choices of answers and respondents will be asked to select one or more of the alternatives given that mostly closely match their own response. For this study, the researcher will use this kind of question for respondent profile at section A. ii)Scale For this study, the Liker Scale questionnaire will be use widely where requires the respondents indicate strongly disagree or strongly agree with each of series of statement about the Microcredit Repayment. What is the level of microcredit repayment among employees? 2. Does gender of borrower will influence microcredit repayment? 3. Does a type of business activities will influence microcredit repayment? 4. Does amount of loan will influence microcredit repayment? 5. Does repayment period will influence microcredit repayment? 7. 0Sampling 7. 0. 1Sampling Design Based on Malhotra (2004), a sample is a subgroup of the population selected for participant in the study. Population is aggregate of all the elements that share some common set of characteristics and that comprise the universe for the purpose of the marketing research problem. According to the Zikmund (2003), the simple size can be 30 units and more, whereas Sekaran (2003) has mentioned between 30 units to 500 units, so only 100 respondents were selected and accepted for this study. The sampling design process includes five steps that are sequentially in the figure 2. 0 below. Figure 2. 0: The sampling design process 1)Defining target Population The first step of the sampling design will be specifying the target population. The target population means the collection of elements or subjects that possess the information sought by researcher and about which inference are to be made (Malhotra, 2004). According to Sekaran, (2003), population refers to the entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate. For the purpose of this study, the population will consist of employees at Sekolah Menegah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Jalan Pandamaran, Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor 2)Determining sampling Frame A sampling frame is a representation of the elements of the target population that consist of a list or set of direction for identifying the target population. However, as for the sampling frame, this study has narrow down the elements of the target population to those employees within a few divisions or units at Sekolah Menegah Kebangsaan Tengku Ampuan Jemaah, Jalan Pandamaran, Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor. The rationale is because the researcher will be only target to collect 50 respondents for this study. 3)Determine the Sample Size Sample size refers to the number of elements to be included in the study. Regarding to this study, the sampling size were decided around 50 respondents only due to the time and money constraints. The targeted respondents will comprise the employees of divisions and units at Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Selangor. 4)Execute the Sampling Process In execute the sampling process, once the target population, sampling frame, sampling technique and sampling size has been determined, allocation of the sample will be quite easy to execute.

Race and Color Discrimination Essay

Who are the major people that had made a different in the race and color movement? What as society done to improve the way to perceive other people that do not have the same color or race as us? This are all major questions people have in mind when trying to solve Racism affects people lives in many ways depending on race, gender, & class though gender usually goes with sexism. Though there have been many efforts to reduce its power it is still in life. Today there are still efforts being made and some have been successful such the racial boundaries Barack Obama has crossed despite being biracial and how many people are taking a stand. Racism today seems to affect mainly African Americans as some people are very prejudiced against them such as the Ku Klux Klan whose power may not be as strong as it once was still exists. The other ways that African Americans are affected are stereotypes. There countless even for other races for example me. I have mistaken to be Indian a lot of times and sometimes still am even though I am Bangladeshi. Some stereotypes for other races would be the Chinese and Japanese they are sometimes expected to be smart, have squinty eyes, and be a workaholic while they may be not. I know someone who is partly Japanese she does not seem to have squinty eyes nor is she a workaholic. Racism also comes to everyone’s’ lives through the way we exposed to it. For example go to some place and then be shut out because of the color of your skin or be cast out because you’re Asian, African-American, or even middle eastern. For now that is all I can say but if you’re not satisfied please leave a message on my bio page and/or improve it yourself in anyways you can.

Religion And Faith Are Essential For Survival - 1828 Words

Religion and Faith are Essential for Survival The power that religion posses has been taught from mankind s existence, it can be lead to justice or oppression but not all are connected to a religion various lifestyles have different explanations of cause, focus and direction. The importance role of religion and faith in one s life, as depicted in the fictional novel of Khaled Hosseini, The Kite Runner is portrayed through characters and events. Firstly the strength of a relationship is dependent upon the religious practices and understanding the importance of religion in a pair. Secondly, the superego represents that standards of one s moral principles and their personality. Thirdly, there are numerous interpretation of the meaning of religion and that builds a personal belief system. The powerful role that faith and religion have on an individual s life is demonstrated by strengthening relationships, developing morality and setting a personal belief system. To begin with, religion influences a person s character as it alters the way they behave. Amir is not a religious figure but when in times of trouble, he looks up to Allah for reassurance. Amir says There is a God, there has to be and now I will pray, I will pray that He forgive that I have neglected Him all of these years, forgive that I have betrayed, lied and sinned with impunity only to turn to Him now in my hour of need, I pray that He is as merciful, benevolent and gracious as His book says He is. I bow toShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The By Yann Martel s 1628 Words   |  7 Pages1961 Faith as the Key to Survival Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere.† Some individuals live their lives with strict adherence to logic, while others benefit from the power of imagination. However, both, pragmatism and imagination, contain advantages as well as disadvantages. In Yann Martel’s novel, the story’s protagonist, Piscine Patel, is a religious follower of three religions, who strongly believes that religion is essential to havingRead MoreAnalysis Of Yann Martel s Life Of Pi1215 Words   |  5 Pages2002, is the allegorical novel that follows the life of the Indian teenager Piscine Molitor Patel, exploring specifically his experience of extreme struggle and fight for survival in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Through a range of literary techniques, Martel presents a set of complex themes such as religion, faith and survival making his work worthy of study and deep analysis. However, the understanding and perception of these concepts varies for each reader, as every person’s beliefs and personalRead MoreMary Rowlandson Survival Essay712 Words   |  3 Pagessurvives her experience is nearly impossible to pinpoint directly, but her devotion to her religion can be tied to her method of survival. Rowlandson’s commitment to her religion equips her with a coping mechanism and keeps her thoughts positive during her captivity, creating a healthy mindset that is essential to her survival. It is no secret that Rowlandson, a devout Calvinist, clings tightly to her religious faith throughout her time in captivity. Rowlandson claims her strength comes from the blessingRead MoreLife of Pi - Why Does Pi Survive?1045 Words   |  5 PagesPiscine Molitor Patel says it himself that his survival is â€Å"hard to believe† and can hardly comprehend it looking back. Yet, the readers are promised with a happy ending, and a happy ending with Pi’s survival is what we get. However, it raises the incredible question of just how Pi managed to survive the hardships, loss, pain and suffering, all in the Pacific Ocean’s harsh, unforgiving environment. The first explanation involves Pi’s inborn desire to survive at all cost and to resist giving up. AlsoRead MoreThe Major Elements Of Science And Religion1443 Words   |  6 Pages The third elements shows science and religion both are important to life is Pi s parents. Parents are essential to a person s existence. The combination of sperm and egg is the starts of a life. Without any of them, no life can be created. In Life of Pi, Pi s parents respectively represent religion and science. Pi s mother represents religion and faith. She is from a Hinduism family (Martel, Life of Pi 47). Her father is a clergy of Hinduism. She is nurtured under a complete religious environmentRead MoreLife Of Pi By Yann Martel Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor themes in the movie. They are 1. Primacy of Survival; 2. Religion and Faith; 3. Power of Storytelling; and 4. Loss of Innocence. Focusing on Primacy of Survival theme, the movie Life of Pi explores this theme at sea through the main character, Pi. The obstinate pursuit for survival demands perseverance mentally, physically and spiritually. The story of Pi takes place mainly in the 1970’s in the most toughest and harshest climate for survival, the Pacific Ocean. Pi’s character is describedRead MoreHuman Nature In Yann Martels Life Of Pi1414 Words   |  6 Pagesopinions, desires, faiths as well as having a moral subconscious. Yet, what occurs when a situation allows an individual to react in a behaviour that doesn’t follow these defining factors of human nature? In Yann Martel s Life of Pi, he creates the conflict of a cargo ship sinking, and the only notable survivors on the life raft consists of a hyena, a zebra with a broken leg, an orangutan, and a 16-year-old Indian boy. The protagonist of the novel, Pi Patel, is faced with a personal survival conflict ofRead MoreThe Challenges in Yann Martels Life of Pi Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pageschallenges at sea while being accompanied by a tiger by the name of Richard Parker. This tiger, though a nuisance, proves to be essential in the role of Piâ €™s survival. Throughout the story, Richard Parker symbolizes survival, a reflection of Pi, and a being of God. Although it is not obvious at first, the large threat of a tiger on board blends into a symbol of survival for Pi. Though Richard Parker is a large issue for Pi, he is not the only issue being faced. Issues such as lack of food, scarceRead MoreLife of Pi Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagescastaway’s voyage, in the heart of the Pacific Ocean. This essay will discuss the essential factors which enabled Pi to overcome the extreme circumstances and survive, to fulfill the archetypal quest hero pattern. The three main factors that saved Pi’s life are his religion, sanity, and will power. Pi Patel, a native of India is born and raised and lives at his father’s Pondicherry Zoo. Pi believes in three faiths, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam which plays a major role in his development as aRead MoreThe Anglican Clergy By Morgan Godwyn1476 Words   |  6 Pagesfor enslaved Africans. The writer thought Africans needed to be fully accepted members of the Christian faith by bein g baptized. However, others believed in the hope that Africans were exposed to a religious life that reflected the Christian faith traditions post slavery. In which also included before the existence of colonialism. Africans were perhaps practicing Christianity forms of religion. I suppose that spiritual forms of Christianity might have been a long history in the African tradition

Lgbt Orientation And The Lgbt Community - 1597 Words

The numerous controversial issues surrounding gays and lesbians, including same-sex marriage, adoptions, and school gay-straight alliances, have brought sexual orientation and homophobia to the front of American social conscience. Although gays and lesbians seem to be more visible in the United States and media images of gays and lesbians have become familiar, violence against gays and lesbians continues to rise and anti-gay measures are common in the political arena. However the question that Americans often have is: what exactly is it that the LGBT community wants? The answer is simple. LGBT want the same chance as everyone else to pursue health and happiness, earn a living, be safe in their communities, serve their country, and take care of the ones they love. The main issue concerning LGBT people is â€Å"coming out†, which is the process of understanding, accepting, and valuing one’s sexual orientation/identity. Coming out includes both exploring one’s ident ity and sharing that identity with others. LGBT individuals have to deal with what it means to be different in a society that tends to assume everyone to be heterosexual and that tends to judge differences from the norm in negative ways. This process creates cognitive dissonance within the person. Because society teaches that the norm is to feel attraction to people of the opposite sex, when a person experiences the opposite feeling finds him/herself in a state of confusion, discomfort and fear of rejection. The comingShow MoreRelatedHardships Faced By The Lgbt Community1496 Words   |  6 PagesHardships Faced by the LGBT Community in the Workplace Taelor Faulkner, Brianne Hamilton, Brianna Johnson, and Laci Jones Who decides what is normal in this world? What gives us the right to discriminate against an individual, specifically individuals of the LGBT community? Can a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender person have a normal career? If they do have a career, will they be able to advance? Relationships can be tested in the workplace, which can hinder one s career. Both bosses andRead MoreThe New Laws Protecting Lgbt Community1452 Words   |  6 Pagesshould enter my brain, let that bullet destroy every closet door.†- Harvey Milk. Through time the LGBT community has not been treated with the rights that they deserve. They have not been able to express themselves the way most people are able too. Society has started to accept the LGBT community and give them rights. The new laws protecting LGBT community are affecting society by giving the LGBT community acceptance, preventing violence, and reducing the amount of discrimination. In the 1900’sRead MoreThe Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity1713 Words   |  7 Pagesand discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Student Officer: Sarah Lim Position: Chair of the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee ________________________________________ Introduction: Gender identity and sexual orientation is one of the more stigmatized and marginalized aspects of self-expression for any human in our society today. A state or country with a more liberal take on the expression of gender identity and sexual orientation tends to be more prosperous, in termsRead MoreLgbt Training Programs For Healthcare1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, are a vulnerable population with specific healthcare needs. Throughout their lives they have encountered maltreatment, discrimination and have significant health disparities because of their sexual orientation. Many have been isolated or alienated from their families and do not have any children to care for them. Now this vulnerable population must succumb to care from clinics, hospitals, and long term facilities that may not beRead MoreThe United States Economy Suffers Greatly Due To The Discrimination1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States economy suffe rs greatly due to the discrimination of the Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) community. In the past twelve years, LGBT businesses have provided $1.7 billion for the United States economy (Marks). Many Americans, especially those from religious backgrounds, are opponents of the LGBT community (Chu). Many LGBT students in high school are bullied and drop out because of all the discrimination. When they drop out they are not able to obtain an education and get aRead MoreThe Workplace Of The Lgbt Community1494 Words   |  6 Pages History and background of topic Workplace discrimination in the lgbt community has been an issue since the early 1900’s, but lgbt rights weren’t progressing much until 1990’s. It was not until 1973 that the first federal bill introduced to congress prohibit discrimination in employment based on sexual orientation (Badgett, Lau, Sears, Ho, 2007). In 1994 the Don t ask, don t tell (DADT) was the official United States policy on service by gays, bisexuals, and lesbians in the military (BadgettRead MoreLegal Situation For Same Sex Couples965 Words   |  4 Pagesrecognized by one’s family or community. This may limit the partner’s ability to grieve openly, result in a lack of bereavement support from health care professionals, and cause feelings of isolation. Health care providers should be sensitive to this and proactively offer bereavement support services as needed (Lawton, et al., 2014, 9. 107). Issues with health care provider-patient communication occur with the aging LGBT population in end-of-life care. In order for LGBT patients to receive appropriateRead MoreAging Carefully And Contentedly Is An Absolutely Big Priority For Seniors Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesfor a LTC facility are LGBT? There are barely LTC facilities where LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) seniors are accepted or supported. Almost all LTC facilities do not feel comfortable having LGBT seniors as residents in their facilities. Most LGBT seniors do not really have family members that could take care of them or accept them. As years and years pass and the LGBT community keep growing, there is a higher need for safe and friendly LTC facilities that accept LGBT seniors in the UnitedRead MoreLGBT Community and Discrimination.1291 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one hears the words â€Å"LGBT† and â€Å"Homosexuality† it often conjures up a mental picture of people fighting for their rights, which were unjustly taken away or even the social emergence of gay culture in the world in the1980s and the discovery of AIDS. However, many people do not know that the history of LGBT people stretches as far back in humanity’s history, and continues in this day and age. Nevertheless, the LGBT community today faces much discrimination and adversity. Many think the problemRead MoreAn essential or a larger focal association for the representation of the LGBT group is not1300 Words   |  6 Pagesfocal association for the representation of the LGBT group is not existing, yet various LGBT rights associations are active around the world. The LGBT social movements that are organized today are consisting of a wide range of political activism and cultural activities. These exercises incorporate campaigning, road walks, social gatherings, media, craftsmanship, and research. Also, included, not constrained to, in the social objectives of the LGBT social developments are the tests in the prevailing

Racism And The Latino Culture - 1485 Words

The most prevalent lessons that my community has taught me is that silence is an enabler. I was born and raised in the Logan Square community where several Latinos reside. Chicago is home to more than 1,782,423 Latinos, and among that population, a few hundred of those individuals call Logan square home. I have witnessed silence imprison people of this community which has allowed injustices to occur. Of the several oppressions that occur within my community, sexism often times is ignored. Within my community the Latino culture is established, and within the Latino culture a patriarchy is set in place; where males are superior to woman, a machismo culture dominants the power of women and domestic and sexual harassment occur. Within my community internal sexism is experienced by many women. In my community, which consist mostly of Latina immigrants, the silence due to fear is present. My hope is to become an ally for those Latinas that fall prey to sexism and help them with their caus e by raising my voice against this oppression. Studying Social Justice in college has made me more aware to the sexism that occurs in my community. In the latest neighborhood chisme (gossip) or the local Logan square newspaper, it is often reported that acts of gang violence or property crimes have occurred throughout the week. Never does one encounter any awareness of the sexism that occurs throughout the community, nor is it a topic anyone is willing to openly discuss. Sexism is theShow MoreRelatedAfro-Latinos in NYC1406 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Afro-Latino in New York City Growing up in New York City is a very unique experience. You grow up surrounded by a diverse population of people packed tightly into one city. But with this kind of diversity come the questions of self-identification and how others view you. I was born and raised in the upper Manhattan neighborhood of Washington Heights which is known for its mostly Dominican population. Moreover, growing up in the public school system and everyday New York living has exposed meRead MoreLatinos And The Latino Population1560 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Latinos are an American community of considerable diversity of culture, race, ethnic, and national origin. It is a community on the forefront of significant demographic change and sociopolitical growth (Appleby, G.A., Colon, E., Hamilton, J., 2011). Latinos in the United States are diverse, and collectively the second largest ethnic minority population in the country (Vigil, 1996). In the Latino population, culture represents a way of life that binds Latinos together through theirRead MoreEssay on Racism and The Latino Community1382 Words   |  6 PagesIn this world we are constantly being categorized by our race and ethnicity, and for many people it’s hard to look beyond that. Even though in the past many stood up for equality and to stop racism and discrimination, it still occurs. In this nation of freedom and equality, there are still many people who believe that their race is superior to others. These beliefs are the ones that destroy our nation and affect the lives of many. The people affected are not limited by their age group, sex, socialRead MoreHispanic Ethnicity And The Latino Population1370 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Latinos are considered an American community of considerable diversity of culture, race, ethnic, and national origin. It is a community on the forefront of significant demographic change and sociopolitical growth (Appleby, G.A., Colon, E., Hamilton, J., 2011). Latinos in the United States are diverse, and collectively the second largest ethnic minority population in the country (Vigil, 1996). Culture represents a way of life that binds Latinos together through their language, valuesRead MoreThe Importance Of Sexual Identity Development1243 Words   |  5 PagesNevertheless, this process profoundly differs among Latino and African-American it is based on white middle-class gay participants (Lewis and Marshall 2011; Bridges, Selvidge, Matthews 2003). The unique stressors that Latinos and African-Americans face on a daily basis have serious implication in their mental health (Loiacano 1989). The queerness experience of Latino and African-American folks are very alike. Both ethnic/racial group members not only share culture with similar features, but they also areRead MoreRacism Is A Hurtful Form Of Discrimination1419 Words   |  6 Pagessomething they can’t control, with the justification of â€Å"It’s only a joke.† Racism is a hurtful form of discrimination that has been with us for hundreds of years and will never cease to exist; however we can reduce the amount of racism through exposure to different cultures and customs. Racism is said to exist when one ethnic group dominates or excludes another. Discrimination of race has been prevalent throughout every culture and has been documented since the thirteenth and fourteenth century, whenRead MoreMajor Themes Of Mexico And Peru915 Words   |  4 Pagestaken to these two countries. It was even said that the number of African slaves taken into Mexico and Peru outnumber the slaves that were in the United States. One aspect of this phenomenon was that in Mexico, the African culture was mixed with the whites and Spanish culture early on, resulting in the â€Å"dilution† of African presence in Mexico. After the abolition of slavery in 1830 the Catholic Church even allowed interracial marriage between the blacks, whites, and Spanish. In one part of the videoRead MoreBlack And Latino By Roberto Santiago857 Words   |  4 Pagesjudged for having more than one culture and feeling excluded out from others. Times have changed and according to a recent stu dy from Pew Research Center, about 60% of mixed adults are proud of their different cultures. This statistic perfectly fits the author Roberto Santiago who wrote â€Å"Black and Latino†. On the other hand around 55% feel subjected by racial slurs from non mixed people. Author Jade Snow Wong who wrote â€Å"Fifth Chinese Daughter† never dealt with racism towards herself but her fatherRead MoreMulticulturalism And By Providing Valuable Tools And Insights For Working With Latino Families1446 Words   |  6 Pagesinsights for working with Latino families. Through research, it is suggested that the needs to employing effective clinical strategies for addressing issues that frequently confront Latino families, such as different migration histories, experiences of racial discrimination, acculturation conflicts, and other cultural dilemmas and challenges can result from adapting to a new cultural setting (Sue Sue, 2012).The United States is rapidly becoming culturally div erse with the Latino population recently becomingRead MoreRacism Essay852 Words   |  4 Pages Racism Term Report Caprice Mancilla CD 208 Dr. Sigala RACISM Racism is the belief that a particular race is superior or inferior to another, that a person’s community and moral traits are established by his or her characteristics. Racial separatism is the belief, most of the time based on racism, that different races should remain separate and apart from one another.Racism has existed throughout human history. It may be described as the hatred of one person or by one another

Dramatic works Essay Example For Students

Dramatic works Essay The life of Christopher Marlowe was filled with many questions as well as his death. Christopher Marlowe was a play writer and a poet during the same years of William Shakespeare. Some Scholars also believe that Marlowe may have influenced Shakespeare with his own writings. Although this is not for certain, but quite possible being that they both went to the same college. His plays were not properly documented and also were not properly chronologically ordered. Christopher Marlowes most notable plays are: Tamburlaine the Great, The Jew of Malta, Edward II, and Dr. Faustus. In his time of life it is seen that Marlowe was not very well liked by most but his writings were a foundation for many other poets and play writers to build upon. Marlowe was born in 1564 in the town of Canterbury. His father, being a shoemaker did not keep down in social status. He was recognized for his intelligence and went to Kings School. This was most likely a prestigious academy for what may be assumed as the school for the aristocrats during this time. After he finished school he was awarded a scholarship to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he and Shakespeare attended. Furthermore, Shakespeare and Marlowe were born on the same here, so many consider the two somewhat of a rivalry. At Cambridge he studied theology, philosophy, and history. Marlowe later disappeared at this point in his life; at least from society. Cambridge records have him leaving school but there is theory that he was recruited by the government for espionage work. Marlowe received his degree after academic years that included long, unexplained absences, only at the intervention of the Privy Council, on grounds of his unspecified good service to the nation. The privy council is a body of officials and dignitaries chosen by the British monarch as an advisory council to the Crown. More than likely, this service involved posing as a Roman Catholic. In Tudor England, religion and politics were one. The country was in danger on one side by Catholics who had support from Spain and France, they were Englands two greatest enemies during the time, and pressured on the other side by Puritan extremists who viewed the official Church of England as too dangerously close to Roman Catholicism. Elizabeths advisers maintained an elaborate network of agents and couriers, to keep tabs on one another and on these heretical Puritans; more than one of Marlowes Cambridge classmates ended up martyred, a person who willingly suffers death rather than renounce his or her religion, or in exile. Marlowes dramatic career was only to span six short years. In that time he wrote The Jew of Malta, The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, The Queen of Carthage, Edward II, and The Massacre at Paris. His work ranged from tragedy to historical drama, but he also wrote popular poetry such as Hero and Leander, and The Passionate Shepherd. His great contribution to English theatre was the use of blank verse in writing his dramatic works and he was the first to use blank verse in drama. Blank verse is any verse comprised of unrhymed lines all in the same meter, usually iambic pentameter. It was developed in Italy and became widely used during the Renaissance because it resembled classical, unrhymed poetry. Marlowes demonstrated blank verses range and flexibility and made blank verse the standard for many English writers, including Shakespeare. There is a big mystery of Marlowes death. Nobody truly knows the exact way he died but the most popular one is that he died in a tavern in the town of Deptford. He and his friend, Ingram Frizer, fought over paying the bill (my theory is that Ingram said a momma joke during the fight because soon after) and soon after the fight Marlowe grabbed Ingrams dagger and attacked him from behind. Frizer was able to grab get the dagger from Marlowe and stabbed him fatally in the eye. But the mystery of this whole death is that Marlowe may have in fact faked his death. One week before his death, Marlowes roommate was in fact kidnapped and tortured over assumptions that Marlowe may have been a heretic and an atheist. .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 , .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .postImageUrl , .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 , .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95:hover , .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95:visited , .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95:active { border:0!important; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95:active , .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95 .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0b91404ed2b48121707cb60a03944c95:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Julius Caesar: Shakespeare EssayA warrant was out for his arrest but he coincidently died. A reason for believing that the death was faked is that Marlowes friends on his final night had close connections to Francis Walsingham, Queen Elizabeths spy. rumor has persisted that Marlowes death was faked on Walsinghams orders, so that the Privy Council would obviously end pursuit of Marlowe. He was buried in an unknown grave that leads to further speculation that Marlowe may have still been alive.